COGNATE

Pronunciation (US):

(GB):

 Dictionary entry overview: What does cognate mean? 

• COGNATE (noun)
  The noun COGNATE has 2 senses:

1. one related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another

2. a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language

  Familiarity information: COGNATE used as a noun is rare.

• COGNATE (adjective)
  The adjective COGNATE has 3 senses:

1. related in nature

2. having the same ancestral language

3. related by blood

  Familiarity information: COGNATE used as an adjective is uncommon.

 Dictionary entry details 

• COGNATE (noun)

Sense 1

Meaning:

One related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another

Classified under:

Nouns denoting people

Synonyms:

blood relation; blood relative; cognate; sib

Hypernyms ("cognate" is a kind of...):

relation; relative (a person related by blood or marriage)

Derivation:

cognate (related by blood)

Sense 2

Meaning:

A word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language

Classified under:

Nouns denoting communicative processes and contents

Synonyms:

cognate; cognate word

Hypernyms ("cognate" is a kind of...):

word (a unit of language that native speakers can identify)

Derivation:

cognate (having the same ancestral language)

• COGNATE (adjective)

Sense 1

Meaning:

Related in nature

Synonyms:

cognate; connate

Context example:

connate qualities

Similar:

related; related to (being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics)

Sense 2

Meaning:

Having the same ancestral language

Context example:

cognate languages

Similar:

related; related to (being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics)

Domain category:

linguistics (the scientific study of language)

Derivation:

cognate (a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language)

Sense 3

Meaning:

Related by blood

Synonyms:

akin; blood-related; cognate; consanguine; consanguineal; consanguineous; kin

Similar:

related (connected by kinship, common origin, or marriage)

Derivation:

cognate (one related by blood or origin; especially on sharing an ancestor with another)

 Context examples 

Binding of these ligands to their cognate receptors plays a role in the activation of natural killer cells.

(KIR Ligand, NCI Thesaurus)

Following the binding of cytokines to their cognate receptor, STATs are activated by members of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases.

(Jak-STAT Signaling Pathway, NCI Thesaurus/KEGG)

Any process which promotes expression of immunologic factors, their secretion, binding to cognate receptors or intracellular signaling, and results in functional responses in the immune system.

(Immunologic Factor Process, NCI Thesaurus)

CD154 is a type II membrane glycoprotein and ligand for CD40; both molecules are important in cognate co-stimulatory cell-cell interactions.

(Autologous Ad-CD154-Transduced CLL B Cells, NCI Thesaurus)

A mature T-lymphocyte that has encountered its cognate antigen and is primed to reproduce and elicit a stronger immune response upon a second encounter with the antigen.

(Memory T-Lymphocyte, NCI Thesaurus)

A mature T-lymphocyte that has differentiated in the bone marrow and undergone central tolerance selection in the thymus but has not interacted with its cognate antigen.

(Naive T-Lymphocyte, NCI Thesaurus)

Any intercellular signaling process that reduces the frequency or extent of binding of a cognate ligand to an intracellular or transmembrane receptor to initiate an intracellular response.

(Negative Regulation of Receptor Activation, NCI Thesaurus)

Any physiologic process which occurs in response to ligation of an interleukin receptor with a cognate ligand, and results in a reduced number of active signaling molecules within the target cell.

(Negative Regulation of Interleukin Signaling, NCI Thesaurus)

Any physiologic process which occurs in response to ligation of an immunologic factor receptor with its cognate ligand, and results in a reduced number of active signaling molecules within the target cell.

(Negative Regulation of Immunologic Factor Signaling, NCI Thesaurus)

FGFR1 receptor antagonist FP-1039 prevents FGFR ligands, such as FGF1, FGF2, FGF4, from binding to their cognate receptors, thereby inhibiting the activation of the related FGFR tyrosine kinases.

(FGF Receptor Antagonist HGS1036, NCI Thesaurus)